New Jersey Trial Court Holds Storm Surge Not Subject to Flood Sublimit Where Policy Expressly Includes “Ensuing Storm Surge” in Named Windstorm Coverage

In recent years, many courts have held that storm surge is a species of excluded flood loss; we reported on a New York example in July.  This week, in Public Serv. Enter. Group, v. ACE Amer. Ins. Co., 2015 WL 1428370, Unpub. LEXIS 620 (N.J.Super., Mar. 23, 2015), a New Jersey trial court granted summary judgment to Public Service Electric & Gas (PSEG) and held that the flood sublimit did not apply to a claim for Superstorm Sandy loss from storm surge where the contracts of insurance specifically recited that coverage for a “named windstorm” – which was not subject to any sublimit  –  included “ensuing storm surge.”

shutterstock_172810640Eight large PSEG generating stations and a number of smaller distribution facilities were damaged when Superstorm Sandy came ashore in New Jersey on October 29, 2012.  The utility’s current estimate of the loss exceeds $500 million.  It was undisputed that a storm surge – which the court described as “a hurricane-generated inundation of water” – of “record-breaking height” caused the lion’s share of the damage.

PSEG had $1 billion in layered property coverage from 11 different insurers, and it made claim for the loss.  The policies had no sublimit for “named windstorms” in New Jersey, but there was a $250 million sublimit for loss occasioned by the peril of “flood” and a $50 million sublimit for flood loss to property “located in Flood Zones A & V.”  The insurers took the position that PSEG’s recovery was capped at $50 million, and the utility brought suit.  On Monday of this week, Judge Thomas Vena granted PSEG’s motion for summary judgment and held that the flood sublimits did not apply to its Superstorm Sandy claims. Read more ›

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Posted in Causation, Efficient Proximate Cause, Ensuing Loss, Flood, Superstorm Sandy, Windstorm

Iowa’s Highest Court: Damage by Rainwater is Damage by Rain

Last July, we posted that an intermediate level appellate court in Iowa had held that a policy excluding loss “caused by rain” did not bar coverage for loss occasioned by the non-excluded peril of “rainwater.”  On Friday, the state’s highest court threw cold water on such nonsense, holding that there was no distinction between rain and rainwater for coverage purposes.  No justice disagreed, though the court split 4-3 on another issue.  The decision can be found at Amish Connection, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 2015 WL 1260085, 2015 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 32 (Iowa, Mar. 20, 2015).

shutterstock_13964104(1)The insured operated the Amish Connection Store in Crossroads Shopping Mall in Waterloo, Iowa.  Rooftop drains discharged into a 4” cast-iron drainpipe that ran above the store’s ceiling tiles and then down the back wall of the space and into a storm sewer.  The pipe was leaky and extensively-corroded, and it burst during a rainstorm on June 14, 2010, flooding the store and causing substantial damage to the policyholder’s inventory, office supplies, and records.

Amish Connection had a businessowner’s policy with State Farm that excluded loss “to the interior of any building or structure, or the property inside any building or structure, caused by rain . . . unless . . . the building or structure first sustains damage by an insured loss to its roof or walls through which the rain . . . enters[.]”  It was undisputed that the rainstorm caused no damage to roofs or walls.  State Farm denied, and the insured brought suit. Read more ›

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Posted in Anti-Concurrent Causation, Corrosion, Ensuing Loss, Flood, Water

California Court Holds Product Contamination Insurance Does Not Cover Ingredients Contaminated by Insured’s Supplier

shutterstock_7144888On February 6th, an intermediate level California appellate court held that a product contamination policy only covered contamination that occurs during or after manufacturing operations by the insured, meaning that there was no coverage where the policyholder’s product was found to be adulterated because it used an ingredient that had been contaminated by a third-party supplier.  The decision is Windsor Food Quality Co. v. Underwriters of Lloyds of London, 2015 WL 901867, 2015 Cal. App. LEXIS 195 (Cal.App., Feb. 6, 2015).  One of the three panel members filed a lengthy and convincing dissent that is arguably a more correct interpretation of the language at issue.

The policyholder was Windsor Food Quality Company, a frozen food manufacturer.  Windsor’s ground beef supplier was Westland/Hallmark Meat Company.  In January 2008, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) suspended Westland as a federal food supplier, and it subsequently announced a voluntary Class II recall of all of Westland’s products.  This occurred after a USDA investigation discovered that the supplier’s employees were knowingly using disabled or “downer” cattle that may have been infected with “mad cow” disease.  Windsor recalled all of its own products that had been made with Westland beef, and it incurred $3 million in recall costs in doing so.

The insured had a $4 million Contamination Products Insurance Policy issued by Lloyds.  Windsor sought coverage under two of the policy’s three “Insured Event” definitions – “Accidental Product Contamination” and “Malicious Product Tampering.”  Lloyds denied, and Windsor placed the matter in suit.  The carrier’s motion for summary judgment was subsequently granted by the trial court. Read more ›

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Posted in Contamination, Contamination and Product Recall

Silica Dust Damage Held Barred by Pollution and Faulty Workmanship Exclusions in New York

Building construction frequently generates silica dust, a substance that can cause lung disease and other respiratory problems.  Abrasive sand-blasting or jack hammering as well as concrete drilling and block cutting can lead to its release.  In Broome Cty. v. Travelers Indem. Co., – N.Y.S.2d –, 125 A.D.3d 1241, 2015 WL 790256, 2015 N.Y.App.Div. LEXIS 1706 (N.Y.App.Div., Feb. 26, 2015), a unanimous panel from New York’s intermediate level appellate court held that the pollution and faulty workmanship exclusions in a first-party policy barred coverage for the property damage when silica dust spread throughout an office building due to construction activities nearby.

shutterstock_92081126The insured was Broome County, the owner of a building in a government complex.  During the construction of a parking garage below the structure, silica dust migrated up an elevator shaft and disbursed throughout all floors of the building.  It was undisputed that inadequate dust barriers were what allowed the silica to infiltrate the shaft – it was “a flawed process on the part of the contractors that led to the loss at issue.”  Broome County made claim for the resulting property damage, but its insurer, Travelers Indemnity, denied the claim, invoking the two exclusions discussed above.

After litigation ensued, the trial court denied Travelers’ motion to dismiss, finding that the pollution exclusion did not operate to bar coverage and that there were factual issues with respect to whether the faulty workmanship exclusion did so.  An appeal followed. Read more ›

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Posted in Ambiguity, Contamination, Faulty Workmanship or Design, Particulates, Pollution

New York’s Highest Court Enforces a Water Damage Exclusion Despite an Ensuing Loss Exception

In Platek v. Town of Hamberg, et al., 2015 WL 685726, 2015 N.Y. LEXIS 252 (N.Y., Feb. 19, 2015), the New York Court of Appeals held that an exclusion for water below the surface of the ground was unambiguous and operated to bar coverage when a subsurface water main burst and flooded the insureds’ basement.  The policyholders’ attempt to invoke an ensuing loss exception to the exclusion was also rejected in an opinion that surveys the historical genesis of ensuing loss provisions and explains the limited circumstances under which they operate to restore coverage.

shutterstock_98719718The insureds, Frederick and Mary Platek, owned a home in Hamberg, New York.  On September 7, 2010, a subsurface water main abutting their property ruptured, flooding the house’s finished basement and causing $110,000 in damages.  The Platek’s insurance claim was denied by Allstate, their homeowner’s insurer, because the policy contained an exclusion reciting that Allstate “does not cover loss to the property . . . consisting of or caused by . . . 4. Water . . . on or below the surface of the ground, regardless of its source[, including] water . . .  which exerts pressure on, or flows, seeps or leaks through any part of the residents premises.”

The insureds brought suit, contending that their loss was covered because it fit within an exception to the exclusion that recited as follows:  “We do cover sudden and accidental direct physical loss caused by fire, explosion or theft resulting from items 1 through 4 listed above.”  To support that position, they submitted an engineer’s affidavit stating that the water main “suddenly exploded from the internal water pressure being exerted on the pipe walls [and hence] the explosion resulted from internally pressurized water that was supposed to be contained in a buried underground pipe.”  The trial court granted the Plateks’ motion for summary judgment, and a panel of the Appellate Division subsequently affirmed the finding of liability in a 3-2 decision.  An appeal to New York’s highest court followed. Read more ›

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Posted in Ambiguity, Burden of Proof, Ensuing Loss, Explosion, Flood, Water

Sixth Circuit: Growing Marijuana is Not the Same as Buying a Houseplant or Entertaining Visitors

Half of the states in this country have now legalized marijuana for medical use, and that has led to a number of small-scale growing operations in policyholders’ homes.  While not nearly as dangerous as cooking meth on the kitchen stove, such activities can nonetheless pose unacceptable risks of loss.  On Tuesday in Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. McDermott, 2015 WL 756206, 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 3012 (6th Cir., Feb. 24, 2015), a unanimous panel of the Court of Appeals roundly rejected policyholder arguments that starting up such an operation did not represent a change in use or occupancy that the insured was required to bring to the insurer’s attention.

shutterstock_114904339In 2005, Kasey McDermott purchased a home in Bay City, Michigan and secured homeowner’s coverage from Nationwide.  Five years later in 2010, her then-husband Brien Matthews became a licensed medical marijuana patient and caregiver pursuant to Michigan law, and he set up a marijuana growing and processing operation in two rooms in the basement.  The area was previously used only for storage and for the couple’s washer and dryer.  By January of 2012, Matthews was servicing the needs of four patients, including himself.

Matthews employed a process known as butane extraction to produce a smokable substance called “honey oil.”  Honey oil is rich in tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, the principal active ingredient in the plant.  It sells for four to eight times as much as raw marijuana.  Butane extraction involved drawing liquid butane – a highly flammable chemical – through chopped marijuana leaves to extract the THC. Read more ›

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Posted in Co-Insureds, Fire, Increase in Hazard

Florida Court Holds Arson is a Type of Excluded Vandalism and Malicious Mischief

shutterstock_112847098Earlier this month a unanimous Florida appellate court joined a number of other states that have held that an all-risk policy exclusion for vandalism and malicious mischief operates to bar coverage for an arson loss.  The opinion can be found at Botee v. Southern Fid. Ins. Co., 2015 WL 477836, 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 1566 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App., Feb. 6, 2015).

The insured, Raziya Botee, owned a single-family home that was destroyed by an arsonist on October 10, 2012.  It was undisputed that the structure had been vacant for over a month when the fire broke out.  Her homeowner’s insurer, Southern Fidelity (SFIC), denied liability because the contract of insurance excluded coverage for losses caused by “vandalism and malicious mischief, theft or attempted theft” if the dwelling had been vacant or unoccupied for more than thirty consecutive days immediately before the loss.  Ms. Botee responded by filing a declaratory judgment action against the carrier.  The trial granted summary judgment to SFIC, and an appeal followed.

The policyholder argued that the contract of insurance was ambiguous.  SFIC’s policy afforded all-risk coverage for loss to the structure under Coverage A and named perils coverage for loss to the contents under Coverage C.  The vandalism and malicious mischief exclusion was found only in the former, and the latter expressly recited that both “fire or lightning” and “vandalism or malicious mischief” were covered causes of loss.  Though the fire had resulted in no contents loss, Ms. Botee looked to the fact that the policy identified both fire and vandalism as “separate covered perils” without defining either one.  According to the insured: Read more ›

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Posted in All Risk, Ambiguity, Arson, Exclusions, Fire, Vacancy and Unoccupancy, Vandalism

California: Service of Suit Endorsement Trumps Forum Selection Clause in Case Involving Product Recall Due to Contamination.

On February 5th in a case involving the recall of over $500,000 worth of oyster products made from Korean shellfish, the Southern District of California held: (1) that the policy’s service of suit clause, which gave the insured the choice of forum, trumped a forum selection clause that provided for suit in a New York state court; (2) that California law, as opposed to New York law, applied, and (3) that for purposes of a 12(b)(6) motion, plaintiff’s complaint, which alleged potential contamination, was sufficient to state a claim.  The decision is Tri-Union Seafoods, LLC v. Starr Surplus Lines Ins. Co., 2015 WL 728477, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23441 (S.D.Cal., Feb. 5, 2015).

shutterstock_105419966The case arose after Tri-Union Seafoods initiated a recall in response to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning about potential contamination.  The policyholder’s claim was denied by its product contamination carrier, Starr Surplus Lines, and Tri-Union then filed suit in federal court in California, where it was headquartered and incorporated.  Starr’s response was a motion to dismiss based on the contract of insurance’s forum selection clause and/or to transfer to New York pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a).

The body of the insurance contract included a forum selection clause establishing New York as the proper forum and source of applicable law.  New York was Starr’s principal place of business.  Importantly, New York law does not recognize either a cause of action for the tort of breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing or an action based on unfair competition, as alleged by Tri-Union under California Business and Professions Code section 17200, et. seq.   Starr argued that the service of suit endorsement was not inconsistent with the policy’s forum selection clause and that the two provisions should be read in conjunction with one another.  Contrary to Starr’s argument, however, Judge Michael M. Anello held that the service of suit clause modified the policy to permit plaintiff to choose a forum in which to file suit.  He noted that the fact that Starr reserved the right to seek removal or transfer of the case to a different forum after plaintiff filed suit in its chosen forum did not alter or change Tri-Union’s ability to select the forum in the first place.  Read more ›

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Posted in Bad Faith, Contamination, Contamination and Product Recall

Inventory Computation Exclusion Bars Employee Theft Claim in Alabama

Employee theft claims are frequently problematic when the only evidence of shortage is a comparison between computer records and a physical inventory conducted after the malefactor has been discharged.  In W.L. Petrey Wholesale Co. v. Great American Ins. Co., 2015 WL 404523, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10943 (N.D.Ala., Jan. 30, 2015), an Alabama federal court recently granted summary judgment to the carrier where the contract of insurance barred employee dishonesty claims based solely on “inventory computation” and such a comparison was the policyholder’s only evidence of the loss.

shutterstock_200562473Petrey was a wholesale distributor of goods supplied to convenience stores, one of which was a two ounce “energy shot” drink called “5-Hour Energy.”  It hired salespeople for delivery routes, and each of them leased a Petrey storage unit.  The salespeople ordered inventory from Petrey’s warehouse, and the insured then delivered the goods to the storage unit for distribution.

Justin Bree was a Petrey salesperson for six years before being terminated, and the insured made claim under its business income and crime prevention policy when a post-termination inventory showed a shortage of 82,510 bottles of 5-Hour Energy valued at $111,415.35.  The policy covered employee dishonesty, defined as “loss of, and loss from the damage to . . .  property resulting directly from dishonest acts committed by an employee, whether identified or not, acting alone or in collusion with other persons[.]”  There was also an exclusion for loss “the proof of which as to its existence or amount is dependent upon . . .  an inventory computation; or . . .  a profit and loss computation,” however, and Great American denied because the claim was based solely on a comparison between Petrey’s computer-generated inventory records and the physical inventory of Bree’s storage unit that was conducted after he was let go.  Litigation followed. Read more ›

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Posted in Conditions, Exclusions, Theft or Dishonesty

Virginia Court Nixes Claim Chinese Drywall Damage to HVAC Systems is Covered as Equipment Breakdown

In Travco Ins. Co. v. Ward, 284 Va. 547, 736 S.E.2d 321 (2012), the Virginia Supreme Court held that loss occasioned by the sulfuric gas released by defective Chinese drywall was excluded under the primary coverage grant of a property policy because of exclusions for corrosion and pollution.  Last month, a Virginia federal court shut down claims that such a loss might nonetheless be covered under a policy’s secondary coverage provisions extending coverage to equipment breakdown.  The matter was Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. CG Stony Point Townhomes, LLC, 2015 WL 236826, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5682 (E.D.Va., Jan. 15, 2015).

shutterstock_128300597The policyholder made claim after the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in five townhouses at its Creek’s Edge at Stoney Point Townhomes complex in Richmond broke down due to off-gassing from the drywall.  Its property insurance carrier, Nationwide Mutual, responded by filing a declaratory judgment action asking the court to hold that it had no obligation to cover the claims.  Stony Point conceded that it had no coverage under the main body of the contract of insurance in the wake of Travco, but it contended that the damage to the HVAC units was covered by an Additional Coverage for “Equipment Breakdown.”  This recited that Nationwide “will pay for loss caused by or resulting from an ‘accident’ to ‘covered equipment.’ “  The provision also afforded coverage for “the additional cost to repair or replace Covered Property because of contamination by a ‘hazardous substance.’ “ Read more ›

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Posted in Contamination, Corrosion, Mechanical Breakdown, Pollution
About The Property Insurance Law Observer

For more than five decades, Cozen O’Connor has represented all types of property insurers in jurisdictions throughout the United States, and it is dedicated to keeping its clients abreast of developments that impact the insurance industry. The Property Insurance Law Observer will survey court decisions, enacted or proposed legislation, and regulatory activities from all 50 states. We will also include commentary on current issues and developing trends of interest to first-party insurers.

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