Can You Burn the House Down and Still Recover From Your Homeowners Insurer? An Illinois Judge Says Yes!

Someday the editors of this blog will have to create a “Hall of Shame” for most witheringly wrong-headed pieces of first-party property insurance jurisprudence, and a clear contender is a federal decision out of Illinois that came down early last month.  In Streit v. Metropolitan Cas. Ins. Co., 2015 WL 6736677, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149904 (N.D.Ill., Nov. 4, 2015), the court determined that there was coverage for a fire set by one of the insureds because the intentional acts exclusion in the contract of insurance was void.  The state’s Standard Fire Policy did not exclude intentional acts, and the judge held that that meant that fires caused by intentional conduct, “including arson, . . . must be covered.”

shutterstock_320032778The insureds owned a home in Lake in the Hills.  On August 5, 2014, a fire rendered the dwelling uninhabitable, and the policyholders’ 19-year-old son, who resided with his parents, subsequently admitted to setting the blaze.  The boy was sentenced to prison for the crime of aggravated arson.  The carrier denied the insurance claim of the husband and wife in reliance on an intentional loss exclusion reciting that the policy did not cover “any loss arising out of any intentional or criminal act committed . . . by you or at your direction . . . with the intent to cause a loss.”  The terms “you” and “your” were defined by the contract of insurance as meaning “the person or persons named in the Declarations and if a resident of the same household . . . the relatives of either[.]”  Read more ›

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Posted in Arson, Arson and Fraud, Fire, Fortuity, Homeowners Coverage

Connecticut Court Holds No Cause Of Action Against Independent Adjuster For Negligence

The states are divided over whether an independent adjuster can be sued for negligence by the insured, and no Connecticut appellate court has ever addressed that issue.  Last Tuesday, however, one of the state’s federal courts predicted that the Connecticut Supreme Court would hold that the adjuster owes no duty to the policyholder in Danielsen v. USAA Cas. Ins. Co., et al., 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 158387, 2015 WL 7458513 (Nov. 24, 2015, D. Conn.), and it dismissed the complaint’s negligence count against the adjuster.

shutterstock_259947686The insured owned a home in Madison that suffered water damage from a malfunctioning dishwasher, and he brought suit against the carrier and its independent adjuster, alleging that they had underpaid the loss.  The allegations included negligence; the policyholder contended, inter alia, that the adjuster had prepared a negligent estimate and neglected to include damage to the homeowner’s personal property in his scope of loss.  The adjuster moved to dismiss the negligence count, and Judge Victor Bolden granted the motion on November 24th. Read more ›

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Posted in Duty, Loss Adjustment, Water

Fifth Circuit: Total Loss Amount Caps Insured’s Recovery Even Under Multiple Policies Covering Different Risks

We don’t usually cover cases dealing with Standard Flood Insurance Policies (SFIPs) issued pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program, but a Texas case decided by the federal Court of Appeals earlier this month addresses a broader issue – where the policyholder has multiple policies covering the same property against mutually exclusive risks, such as an SFIP covering flood and a homeowner’s policy covering wind, can his or her recovery ever exceed the total loss amount.  In Lowery v. Fidelity Nat’l. Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 2015 WL 6848323, 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 19443 (5th Cir., Nov. 6, 2015), a unanimous panel of the Fifth Circuit answered no, in reliance on the insurance principle that bars a double recovery.

shutterstock_223733386The insureds owned a two-unit residential building in Galveston that was “left in shambles” after Hurricane Ike in September 2008.  An appraiser had estimated the market value to be $195,000 the year before.  The policyholders had both a SFIP and a separate contract of wind insurance, and they made claim under both.  The wind carrier paid $66,766 and the SFIP insurer paid $76,968 for building damage, bringing the total recovery to $143,734.  The insureds then sold the property, unrepaired, for an additional $58,000.  The policyholders still “felt shortchanged,” however, and they sued the flood carrier, seeking to recover the full limit of liability under that policy. Read more ›

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Posted in Actual Cash Value, Depreciation, Flood, Homeowners Coverage, Hurricane, Hurricane Ike, Replacement Cost, Valuation, Water, Windstorm

New Jersey Court Rejects Theory of Spoliation By Encouragement

shutterstock_74696500 Three years out, Superstorm Sandy litigation continues to wend its way through New Jersey’s courts.  Last weekend, a federal judge in the state handed a victory to the insurer in Stiso v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 155762, 2015 WL 7296081 (D.N.J., Nov. 18, 2015).  In doing so, the court reaffirmed the enforceability of what it called anti-concurrent causation (ACC) “lead-in” language.  It also rejected the doctrine of “spoliation based on encouragement” – the policyholders had argued that they could not meet the burden of showing that all of their loss was caused by a covered peril because the carrier had “actively encouraged” them to begin repair early on and thereby “persuaded” them to destroy evidence that they subsequently needed.

The insureds owned a split-level home in Point Pleasant Beach.  The structure was two-and-one-half blocks from the Atlantic, and it was inundated when Superstorm Sandy struck on October 29, 2012; water lines inside the home were four-and-one-half feet high on the lower level and 12” high on the upper story’s walls.  The policyholder made clam for $154,186.  Read more ›

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Posted in Anti-Concurrent Causation, Flood, Sewer Backup, Spoliation, Superstorm Sandy, Water

The Elephant in the Room – Catastrophic Property Damage from a Cyber Attack

This past October was the country’s first National Cyber Security Awareness Month, and that makes it an appropriate time to touch on a very troubling first-party exposure.  Every day brings news of massive cyber attacks on retailers, financial institutions, and hospitals and healthcare companies, with the aim of stealing digital assets such as Personally Identifiable Information (PII).  What has received far, far less attention, however, is the prospect of a cyber attack designed to escape the virtual world in order to do physical damage to tangible property in the real one.

shutterstock_297688691The ultimate risk is enormous.  Computerized industrial control systems run the world’s financial institutions, its manufacturing and chemical facilities, its transportation systems, and its energy infrastructure, including the electrical grid and power and water treatment plants.  These control systems are composed of devices such programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) equipment that were originally designed to be open systems, which is to say systems focused on interoperability and ease of communication and repair.  Security was a secondary consideration at best.  If hijacked by a piece of malware, such systems could cause property damage and business interruption loss on a literally catastrophic scale. Read more ›

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Posted in Cyber, Cyber Insurance, Explosion, Fire, Terrorism Insurance

Fifth Circuit Refuses To Predict Texas Will Adopt a Sophisticated Insured Exception to Contra Proferentem

Texas has yet to address whether it recognizes a sophisticated insured exception to the doctrine of contra proferentem, and the state’s federal Court of Appeals declined an opportunity to make a prediction about that question in mid-August of this year in Certain Underwriters at Lloyds London v. Perraud, 2015 WL 4747318, 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 14349 (5thCir., Aug. 12, 2015).  The judges split 2-1 on whether the contract of insurance was ambiguous in nature, but all three were unwilling to reach the sophisticated insured issue.  The case involved a director’s and officer’s (D&O) liability policy, but the issue implicates first-party coverage as well.  It also contains a useful survey of the approaches that courts have taken to this exception from jurisdictions around the country.

shutterstock_197340095Two of its policyholder’s employees sought reimbursement under the D&O policy for attorney’s fees and costs after successfully defending against federal criminal charges.  The carrier denied liability based on a “change in control” exclusion that barred coverage if the alleged wrongful acts occurred after new management had taken control of the insured, and it filed a declaratory judgment action seeking to vindicate that position.  On cross-motions for summary judgment, the district court found the exclusion to be ambiguous, and it interpreted it in favor of coverage pursuant to Texas’ contra proferentem doctrine – a rule of contractual interpretation that provides that an ambiguous term is to be construed against the draftsman.  It also rejected the insurer’s invitation to apply a sophisticated insured exception to that doctrine. Read more ›

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Posted in Ambiguity

Insurers From Coast to Coast Notch Suit Limitation Victories

Over the last several months, courts in Washington, Kansas, and Virginia have awarded victories to carriers asserting a suit limitation defense, and there are three valuable takeaways from the decisions.  First, the insurer need not demonstrate that it was prejudiced by the failure to file suit within the limitations period; suit limitation provisions are not like notice of loss or proof of loss clauses.  Second, the clock starts running on the suit limitation period when the policyholder has knowledge of the occurrence which ultimately gives rise to his or her loss, not when he or she has knowledge of the cause of that occurrence.  Third, the provision is a contractual limitations period and, as such, not subject to state laws governing the operation of statutes of limitations.

shutterstock_69907915The first case was Andrews v. St. Paul Guardian Ins. Co., 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 104172, 2015 WL 4724574 (W.D. Wash., Aug. 9, 2015).  The insured’s home in Seattle experienced the Nisqually Earthquake in February 2001, but he saw no sign of structural distress at the time.  In 2014, he was planning a home improvement project and had the deck inspected, and it was then that he first learned of what he characterized as “massive visible damage” to foundation footings which “may” have been caused by the quake eleven years earlier.  He brought suit after the carrier denied liability.  Read more ›

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Posted in Collapse, Earthquake, Prejudice, Suit Limitation, Water

Pennsylvania Court Orders Production of Underwriting Files On Similar Claims By Other Policyholders

shutterstock_93698392Carriers routinely resist efforts to compel production of the underwriting and claims files on other policyholders on the basis of relevance.  Early last month in H.J. Heinz Co. v. Starr Surplus Lines Ins. Co., 2015 WL 5781295, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 138080, (W.D.Pa., Oct. 1, 2015), an insurer lost that fight when a federal court in Pennsylvania required it to produce the files.  The case is noteworthy, but arguably limited in terms of its application to other disputes.  A Phase One trial was directed solely to the insurer’s efforts to rescind the policy because of material misrepresentations in the application, and discovery addressing whether the insured was being treated the same way as other similarly-situated policyholders was uniquely important given that fact.  As the court recognized, it was “the main mechanism” for plaintiff to defend itself.

The insured manufactured and sold a dry, high-protein baby cereal in China.  On August 18, 2014, the Food & Drug Administration of Zhejian Providence seized hundreds of boxes of the product after tests revealed high levels of lead.  The cause was ultimately determined to be a contaminated production run of defatted soy powder from Qingdao Longhi Food Company, one of the policyholder’s ingredient suppliers.  The insured recalled the cereal and made claim under its product contamination policy for an “on-going” loss that it estimated to be in excess of $30 million. Read more ›

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Posted in Contamination, Contamination and Product Recall, Discovery, Rescission

Florida Court Rejects Claim Replacement Of Undamaged Property Is Necessary For Aesthetic Uniformity

Late last week a federal court in Florida tossed a condominium association’s claims that it was entitled to replace undamaged hallway carpeting, wallpaper, baseboards, and woodwork in order to “achieve aesthetic uniformity” with similar hallway components replaced after water damage.  In Great Amer. Ins. Co. v. Towers of Quayside No. 4 Condominium Ass’n., 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 150358, 2015 WL 6773870 (S.D. Fla., Nov. 4, 2015), the court held that replacing undamaged property to insure “matching” is only appropriate if the repairs concern “a continuous run” of items such as that.

shutterstock_175299539The policyholder owned a 25-story condominium building in Miami.  There was a tiled elevator landing on each floor separating the east and west hallways, and those portions of the structure on floors three through twenty-five had a uniform appearance by design.  On February 11, 2013, a valve broke in an air conditioning unit on the east side of the 11th floor, and cascading water damaged the hallways on the east side of the building all the way down to the third floor. Read more ›

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Posted in Direct Physical Loss or Damage, Valuation, Water

New York Court Holds Public Adjuster Entitled to Fee Even Though Claim Settled After Ten Years Of Litigation

Disputes between the insured and its public adjuster (PA) are frequently contentious and have the unfortunate potential to draw the carrier into litigation.  A perfect example is last week’s decision in Public Adj. Bur., Inc. v. Greater N. Y. Mut. Ins. Co., et al., 2015 NY Slip OP 07942, 2015 WL 6510639, 2015 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 8000 (N.Y.App.Div., Oct. 29, 2015), where New York’s intermediate level appellate court held that the PA was entitled to its fee for performing “valuable services” even though those evidently ceased when suit was filed and it then took an additional ten years of bitter and protracted litigation to bring about a settlement.

shutterstock_234130801While not as prolonged and torturous as Dickens’ Jarndyce v. Jarndyce, the case litigated in one form or another for fifteen years.  After a garage collapse in lower Manhattan in early 1999, the policyholder retained the PA and executed a retainer agreement that set the adjuster’s fee at 7% “of the amount of loss and salvage . . . when adjusted or otherwise recovered.”  Efforts to settle with the insurer were unsuccessful, however, and the insured brought suit in 2001.  Two trials, three trips to the Appellate Division, and ten years later, a settlement was reached in May of 2010. Read more ›

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Posted in Collapse, Loss Adjustment, Public Adjusters
About The Property Insurance Law Observer

For more than five decades, Cozen O’Connor has represented all types of property insurers in jurisdictions throughout the United States, and it is dedicated to keeping its clients abreast of developments that impact the insurance industry. The Property Insurance Law Observer will survey court decisions, enacted or proposed legislation, and regulatory activities from all 50 states. We will also include commentary on current issues and developing trends of interest to first-party insurers.

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